About Vales
A VALVE is a device or natural object that regulates, directs or controls the flow of a fluid (gases, liquids, fluidized solids, or slurries) by opening, closing, or partially obstructing various passageways. Valves are technically fittings, but are usually discussed as a separate category. In an open valve, fluid flows in a direction from higher pressure to lower pressure. The word is derived from the Latin valva, the moving part of a door, in turn from volvere, to turn, roll. The simplest, and very ancient, valve is simply a freely hinged flap which swings down to obstruct fluid (gas or liquid) flow in one direction, but is pushed up by the flow itself when the flow is moving in the opposite direction. This is called a check valve, as it prevents or “checks” the flow in one direction. Modern control valves may regulate pressure or flow downstream and operate on sophisticated automation systems.
Use of Valves
Valves have many uses, including controlling water for irrigation, industrial uses for controlling processes, residential uses such as on/off and pressure control to dish and clothes washers and taps in the home. Valves are also used in the military and transport sectors.
Advantages of Vales
Valves can have many advantages, including:
- Low flow resistance: Some valves have low fluid resistance.
- Easy maintenance: Some valves are easy to maintain, which can help with reliability and stability.
- Durability: Some valves are durable and can last for a long time, such as mechanical heart valves.
- Pressure regulation: Valves can help maintain proper pressure levels in plumbing systems.
- Cost efficiency: Valves can be cost-effective and help systems operate longer.
- Shutoff capability: Some valves, like shutoff valves, can quickly shut down a system in an emergency.
- Bidirectional flow: Some valves, like gate valves, can block flow in both directions.
- Backflow prevention: Valves can help prevent backflow, which is when fluids flow backward through pipes.
Materials Used in Valves Construction
When choosing a material for a valve, it’s important to consider the media the valve will handle, as well as the application’s specific requirements and process conditions. The following is a general review of common valve materials used in general industrial, commercial and process valve construction.
- Stainless steel– A common material for valves in the cosmetic and home care industries. Stainless steel is corrosion resistant, can withstand high temperatures and pressures, and is polished to increase safety. Austenitic stainless steel is a popular choice for valves because it’s tough but still ductile, meaning it can be formed without breaking.
- Ductile Iron- Has composition similar to Gray iron. Special treatment modifies metallurgical structure, which yields higher mechanical properties; some grades are heat treated to improve ductility. Ductile iron has the strength properties of steel using similar casting techniques to that of gray iron and is used for class 250 (as well as class 125 in larger sizes).
- Cast iron- A strong and pressure-resistant material used for valve bodies. However, cast iron is brittle and can’t be bent or shaped after it’s originally designed.
- Monel alloy- A nickel-based alloy that’s used in valves, steam generators, and other components in the chemical, hydraulic, and marine industries. Monel is corrosion resistant and has good mechanical properties.
- Brass- An alloy of copper and zinc that’s commonly used in plumbing and industrial piping systems. Brass is strong, durable, corrosion resistant, and easy to machine.
- Aluminium- A non-ferrous metal, very lightweight, approximately one-third the weight of steel. Aluminium exhibits excellent atmospheric corrosion resistance, but can be very reactive with other metals. In valves, aluminium is mainly used as for exterior components such as a hand wheels or identification tags.
- Copper- Among the most important properties of wrought copper materials is their thermal and electrical conductivity, corrosion resistance, wear resistance, and ductility. Wrought copper performs well in high temperature applications and is easily joined by soldering or brazing. Wrought copper is generally only used for fittings.
- PVC- A type of plastic that’s often used for ball valves. PVC is flexible and smooth, which makes it easy for valve parts to move.
Types of Valves
When selecting a valve, you can consider things like: The valve’s pressure rating, The valve’s size and flow capacity, The valve’s temperature limits, and the valve’s material compatibility and durability. There are many types of valves mentioned below.
Butterfly valves- A Butterfly valve consists of a cylindrical body, a shaft, and a rotating disc. The disc rotates 90 degrees from open to closed. The disc seats against a resilient body liner or spring-loaded metal seat and may be manufactured for tight shut-off or made smaller for reduced operating torque at lower close-off. Butterfly valves have limited range ability for modulating applications so are used mainly for two-way operation. For three-way applications, two butterfly valves are assembled to a pipe tee with linkage for simultaneous operation. CONDUIT ENTERPRISES butterfly valves are well accepted in various water supply schemes all over India. Irrespective of sizes, pressure ratings, fluids handled, type of operators etc. The types of operators offered are Manual, Electrical, and Pneumatic & Electro- Hydraulic.
SALIENT FEATURES:
- Cast & Fabricated constructions possible.
- Compliance with: IS 13095, AWWA C504, BS 5155, API 609 standards.
- Shaft Seals comprising of elastomeric ‘O’ rings & ‘Lip seals.
- Concentric, Single, Duo & Tri-eccentric constructions offered for appropriate applications.
- Body is available in flanged end, Wafer end and Lug Wafer design.
- Tri-eccentric constructions are best suits for high temperature applications in hydrocarbon lines and also recommended in water application where there are suspended particles in the fluid.
- Butterfly valve is an ideal substitute for the conventional sluice valve which is used for ON/OFF and regulating duty application.
- 100% leak tightness can be ensured
Sluice Valve– A gate valve or often called sluice valve is a linear motion valve used to start or stop fluid flow however it does not regulate or throttle flow. The name gate is derived from the appearance of the disk in the flow stream. The gate valve consists of a plate like obstruction that is raised and lowered into place to control the flow of hydraulic fluid. The gate valve also known as a sluice valve, opens by lifting a round or rectangular gate/wedge out of the path of the fluid. The distinct feature of the gate valve is the sealing surfaces between the gate and the seats are planar, so gate valves are often used when a straight-line flow of fluid and minimum restriction is desired. The gate faces can form a wedge shape or they can be parallel. Gate valves are primarily used to permit or prevent the flow of liquids and where it is important that pressure drop through the valve is minimal. It is available in two design options: a. Rising Stem Type (RSGV) b. Non-Rising Stem Type (NRSV). CONDUIT ENTERPRISES Sluice Valves are consciously built to fulfil customer’s expectations & faith. They not only comply with the requirements of the specifications & codes, but also offer features, accessories, quality & workmanship levels which make them the unique choice for any waterworks isolation application. The types of operators offered are Manual Hand wheel & CAP, Gear Box, Electrical.
Special features
• Low pressure loss across the valve
• Face to face dimension available in ANSI B16.10/DIN 3216/MSS-SP70/ BS EN 558-1
• Suitable for clear water up to 45°C and 5000ppm turbidity.
• Low operating torque ensuring easy operation
• Drop tight closure under full pressure
• Suggested to install in vertical position (Can be used in any position)
• Available in gland less design &sealing with ‘0’ ring packing
• Long service life and leak—tightness as even after thousands of open/close cycles operations.
• Available in S.G. Iron ,Cast steel & Stainless Steel
Size range- 50 mm to 2000 mm (Up to 1200 mm ISI Marked)
Resilient Seated Gate Valves– It is one of the most common valves preferred for drinking water application where the wedge is provided with 100% encapsulation with rubber coat of food grade. The valves are provided with corrosion resistant fusion bonded electrostatic powder coating both inside and outside with full port water way free of cavities and pockets allow better velocity. The types of operators offered are Manual Hand wheel & CAP, Gear Box, Electrical.
Special Features:
- Available in Rising & Non-Rising Stem Types
- Size Range 50mm to 1200mm as per design standard AWWA C509/DIN 3352/ ISO 5752.
- Glandless construction with body in Ductile Iron.
- EPDM / Nitrile lining material.
- Fusion Bonded Epoxy (FBE) coating ensures resistance to corrosion.
- Valves can be supplied with integral mounting pad for an electric motor actuator.
- Ensures Bi-Directional sealing all time.
- Available Pressure rating are in PN10/PN16/PN25
- 100% leak tightness ensures by double sealing surfaces.
- Thrust on stem collar is taken by non-metallic thrust bearing discs.
- Suitable for above ground and buried installations in Waterworks, Sewage, Effluent and Oil pipelines.
Air Release Valves- Air valves are universally recognized as the most effective airflow control tools for liquid conveyance systems. Basically, air valves for exhausting air should be located at points on the pipeline to which air tends to be drawn, and/or where air tends to collect. Air valves are an important tool for surge dampening and suppression. Air intake requirements are usually considered the determining factor in air valve sizing.
Conduit Enterprises offers the following three types of air valve.
- Single Acting (Large/Small orifice type)
- Double acting (Double acting Air valve & Kinetic Air Valve)
- Temper Proof Combination type air valve
SALIENT FEATURES:
- Available in PN10 / 16 /25 Pressure Ratings.
- Complies with the requirements of IS 14845 & AWWA- C512.
- Very efficient air release/ inlet mechanisms.
- The Air Valve size can be selected 1/5 of the diameter of the main pipe.
- Combination air valve or Tamper proof air valve eliminates water wastage and protect pipeline from collapse during pump shut down.
- Size Range: 40mm to 200mm
Swing Type Check Valve- Check valves are used in pipe lines to reduce water hammer and to prevent back flow of water to the pumps from rising mains. Reflux valves are generally used on rising mains as they permit water to flow in one direction only and check all the return flows. These are operated by pressure alone, having no external means of control.
In large diameter pipes, the door, in single-door pattern would close slowly and reflux flow would cause water hammer due to surge. Therefore, multi-door pattern is resorted to, in such cases, so as to reduce the time required for closure. The flow may be controlled by means of flaps swinging up and down with pressures on to seats (swing check).
SALIENT FEATURES:
- Swing check type double flanged design.
- Rigid and sturdy design with minimum loss of head across the valve.
- Perfect interchangeability of components.
- Assured parallelism between side flanges.
- Long service life and leak-tightness of high order.
- Complies with the requirements of IS 5312(Pt-1) 50mm to 600mm (Single Door Type) & IS 5312 (Pt-2) 700mm to 1500mm (Multi Door Type)
- Dual advantages of No Water Hammer and Non-Slam simultaneously.
- It solves the problems associated with swing check and lift check valve, hence considered as silent check valve.
Dual Plate Check Valves–
SALIENT FEATURES:
- A replaceable resilient seal is clamped on the valve body.
- Each plate is facilitated with torsion spring to exert independent spring action.
- The pins are precisely & permanently cantered in the valve body.
- The shock dampers ensure that there is no undue load on the Stop Pin & that the spring twist also is maintained in limit.
- Size Range: 50mm to 2000mm, Pressure Ratings: PN 1.0/ PN 1.6 -Class 125 End connections: Flanged / Wafer/ Lug Wafer.
- Complies with the requirements of API 594/ API 6D.
- Independent support also ensures that each of the plates revolves from full close to full open & reverse with-out bearing on each other.
- Large & hydrodynamic flow passages ensure minimum pressure drop.
- Disc open 85 degree to ensure positive closing
Foot Valve- A foot valve is a necessary part of every water pumping system. From the name it depicts that a foot valve always comes on the bottom/end of the suction pipe line of a pump connected to sump. When the water pump is running, suction is created, which pulls the water in the upward direction through the pipe. The foot valve is so designed that it opens up easily because of the upward pressure from the incoming water, and thus, normal water flow through the pipe is established.
When the pump is turned off, the upward pulling force on the water is removed. As soon as this happens, the Earth’s gravitational pull acts on the water in the pipe, and it tries to flow back into the well with only the foot valve in its way. The entire weight of the water column pushes down onto the foot valve. Since the foot valve is a one-way check valve, it cannot open in the downward direction. As such, under the influence of the downward acting weight of the water column, the foot valve gets shut tightly.
Most foot valves now a day are usually fitted with an inlet strainer to prevent the debris from entering into the pipeline.
Salient Features:
- A foot valve works similar to check valve viz they allow only unidirectional flow.
- During the pump trip it ensures the pipe is completely sealed off.
- A foot valve prevents the reverse flow of water from the pump back to the sump which prevents the wastage of energy.
- It protects the water pumps from being damaged as a result of dry runs.
Globe Valve– A globe valve is much more acceptable of varied flow than the gate valve. It can operate barely open or fully open with very little wear to the valve seat and disc that is why recommended for throttling and balancing applications.
The flow can be gauged by the number of turns of the wheel. The contact between the seat and the disc ends when the flow begins, which minimizes seat erosion. Like the gate valve, the globe valve has a number of disc and seat arrangements. They are classified as conventional disc, plug-type disc, or composition disc. The conventional disc is a relatively flat disc with bevelled edges. On closure of the valve, the disc is pushed down into a bevelled, circular seat. The plug type disc is much more tapered, which increases the contact surface between the disc and the seat. “is type of disc is resistant to the cutting effects of the dirt, scale, and other foreign matter.
Unlike the other types of discs, the composition disc fits over the seat. This allows the valve to be used for many more services, such as compressed air, and makes it easy to repair.
The advantages of the globe valve are that it provides a positive bubble-tight shut off. It is good for frequent operation and it is easy to repair. Yet because of the flow path, it causes a significant pressure drop. Also, the globe valve is more costly than other types of valves.
Sluice Gate Valve- A sluice gate valve, also known as a gate valve, is a device that regulates the flow of fluids, such as water, through a pipeline. It’s often used in hydraulic systems and in a variety of applications, including:
- Controlling water levels in reservoirs
- Diverting water from one body to another
- Handling slurries in process plants
- Holding back water in drains, sump tanks, and distribution boxes
Here are some things to know about sluice gate valves:
- How they work
A sluice gate valve uses a wedge-shaped disc or gate that slides perpendicular to the flow of fluid. When the valve is fully open, the disc is completely separated from the flow, which results in minimal pressure reduction.
- Operation
Sluice gate valves can be operated manually or automatically.
- Maintenance
When the gate is accessible, you can visually inspect the bronze seats and wedges. You should also observe the gate opening and closing to ensure it’s working evenly. You can adjust the bronze wedges if necessary, and you should lubricate the stem and stem nut each time you perform maintenance.
- Selection
When choosing a sluice gate valve, you should consider the desired flow rate, the size of the sluice gate, and the type of water flowing through it.
Flap Valves- Flap valves are designed to operate under very low heads of water, in gravity flow applications, at ambient conditions between -65° and +85° C. The valve prevents backwater via a spring-loaded or weighted flap placed across the opening of a pipe.
The Flap Valve incorporates a lip seal, to provide the seal between the flap and frame, and also a self-adhesive neoprene seal to install between the frame and wall, which is fitted to prevent leakage.
CONDUIT ENTERPRISES offers wall-mounted flap valves up to and including 1500mm in size and spigot-mounted flap valves up to and including 1000mm. Flange-mounted, tidal flap valves and bespoke flap valves are available on request.
Knife Edge Gate Valve- A knife gate valve is a component that utilizes a blade known as Knife plate to cut through clogging of heavy liquids. A precision buffed knife plate is designed such a way which cuts even heaviest sludge sharply without erosion to prevent from getting stuck between the wedge & the seat of a normal gate valve and also prevent flow shut-off. Unlike the conventional Gate valve these valves are basically used to serve isolation duty widely accepted for sewerage, paper, pulp & slurry conveying lines.
SALIENT FEATURES:
- Available in PN10 / 16 Pressure Ratings.
- Complies with the requirements of MSS-SP-81.
- One-piece trim provides corrosion-resistant, wear-resistant, high-performance shut off over a long service life
- Size Range: 50 mm to 1500mm
- Both Bi-directional and Uni-directional sealing arrangements are available
- The types of operators offered are Manual Hand wheel, Gear Box, Electrical & Pneumatic.
Zero Velocity Valve– ZERO VELOCITY VALVE also called water Hammer Arrester. The principle behind the design of this valve is to arrest the forward moving water column at zero movement i.e. when its velocity is zero and before any return velocity is established.
A Zero Velocity Valve consists of a spring-loaded closing disc for stopping reverse flow in case of failure of pumps. It is enclosed in an outer shell. As the forward velocity of water reduces to near zero, the springs close the disc on the seat and breaks the returning water column to prevent positive pressure surge. Provided with a Bypass valve arrangement which allows required water to flow upstream to fill the vacuum arising due to closure of valve.
The Zero Velocity valve breaks the energy of returning water column by stopping it just before returning i.e. when its forward velocity reduces to near Zero on tripping of pump and prevent it from returning. It can be installed in remote location because of the self-actuating feature. It is available in Barrel end, Flanged end and extended barrel end design for installation with all types of pipes. CONDUIT ENTERPRISES Zero velocity vales are available in Size Range: 50 to 1200mm, Pressure Ratings: PN 10, PN 16 & PN 25.
The main advantages of Zero Velocity Valves are:
a. Controlled closing characteristics
b. Low head loss due to streamlined design.
Air Cushion Valve- The principle of this Air Cushion Valves is to allow large quantities of air in the pumping main during separation, entrap the air, compressed it with the returning air column and expel the air under controlled pressure so as to dissipate the energy of the returning water column. The valve has a spring-loaded air inlet port, an outlet normally closed by float, a spring-loaded outlet poppet valve and an adjustable middle valve control orifice.
When there is sudden stoppage of pump due to power failure, partial vacuum is created in the main. With deferential pressure, the spring-loaded port opens and admits outside air into the main. At atmospheric pressure the inlet valve closes under spring pressure. The entrapped air is compressed by returning water column till the poppet valve opens with float is dropped position, the air is expelled through poppet valve and controlled orifice under predetermined pressure thus dissipating the energy of the returning water column.
SALIENT FEATURES:
- Available in PN10 / 16 Pressure Ratings.
- Complies with the requirements of MSS-SP-81.
- One-piece trim provides corrosion-resistant, wear-resistant, high-performance shut off over a long service life
- Size Range: 50 mm to 1500mm
- Both Bi-directional and Uni-directional sealing arrangements are available
- The types of operators offered are Manual Hand wheel, Gear Box, Electrical & Pneumatic.
Special Features
• Alternatively called Quick release Damped Air Valve (QRDA).
• Maximum flow efficiency and surge protection.
• To protect from water hammer damages
• To protect from vacuum enhanced problems and damages.
• Available in cast iron & Ductile Iron.
Dismantling Joint- A Dismantling Joint is generally a double flanged fitting that allows longitudinal adjustment in flanged pipe systems. It enables easy assembly and disassembly of flanged valves to the pipeline. It also allows the installation or removal of equipment between two fixed flanges in a pipeline. CONDUIT ENTERPRISES offers dismantling joints both in Ductile Iron and Cast-iron material.